How Does William Blake convey his anger in the poem...

How Does William Blake convey his anger in the poem London ? The poem London by William Blake, relfects his feelings upon the society that he was living in , and how despreratly it needed help. Blake thought that all of the poverty and misfortune that was happening on the streets were caused by the political opression in London. Blake was angered by what he saw in his homeland as other countries started fighting for their indipendence and equality whilst his country stayed dormant, eventhough he felt that there was a serious need for serious action. Eventhough Blake wasnt a typical romantic writer, he too possesed the same beliefs of fighting for what one believes in, and the urge to be liberated from the opression of†¦show more content†¦Another image that the writer creates, of an opressed scoiety, is the metaphor mind forged manacles, this is as the manacles are only forged by the mind thus, it not being real so therefore anyone can break free from it anytime, but yet they chose to stay in self-imprisonment. The line mind forged manacles also conveys Blakes anger towards the ignorance of the people in country as he believed that they could break free from their imaginary prison cells, and fight the authorities that were causing their poverty, just like in the French Revolution. One way that Blake uses to convey his anger on what he sees is through his constant repition on certain words. In the first stanza,he repeats the word charterd twice. By repeating the word charterd twice, it places furthur emphasis on the streets and thames being restricted by authority. The word mark is then also repeated three times in the poem, by doing so, Blake is able to let the reader take more awearness of the word mark and the story it is associated with, which is the mark of Caine. Caine was given a black mark on his face by God as he murderd his brother, the mark then branded him as a sinner. However, eventhough the mark branded him as a sinner, it also protected him from harm as anyone who harmed Caine was said to be punished with 30 times the damage inflicted upon him. The story of Caine relates to London in a sense thatShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake And William Wordsworth1099 Words   |  5 Pageswith mythology and nature; among those poets are William Blake and William Wordsworth. Although Blake was a contemporary of the era, he had a little in common with Wordsworth. Religion is the focus of Blake’s visionary works, which does not exist in any other Romantic poetry. William Blake uses satire in most of his work to criticize the corrupting influence of religion on imagination. For Wordsworth, nature was like a religion. He talks about his own spiritual life when he refers to nature. AccordingRead MoreWilliam Blake, Born On November 28, 1757 In Londo n, United1029 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake, born on November 28, 1757 in London, United Kingdom, wrote â€Å"A Poison Tree† to explain to everyone the wrong doings of the Church by teaching people to suppress their anger and the â€Å"evil† within them as that will only enhance their resentment furthermore. Inspired by his religion, â€Å"A Poison Tree† was written as an attempt to inform people about the problems that are created when one does not address the issue or their anger when it is still minor and resolvable. When grudges are keptRead MoreA Poison Tree By William Blake1398 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake was a painter, engraver and poet of the Romantic era, who lived and worked in London. Many of Blake’s famous poems reside in his published collection of poems titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience. This collection portrays the two different states of the human soul, good and evil. Many poems in the Songs of Innocence have a cou nterpart poem in the Songs of Experience. The poem â€Å"A Poison Tree† is found in the Songs of Experience and it delves into the mind of man tainted with sinRead MoreComparison of William Blakes London and Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge1544 Words   |  7 Pages19thcentury when William Blake was living in London, he showed that London was indeed a terrible place to live and the living standard was devastating and he expressed his personal passionate anger towards the underlying problems in the society despite the fact that London was a cosmopolitan city at the time and certainly the one of the busiest commercial centres in the world. His poem had great meaning and targeted those who were in the higher class who knew how to read. He showed how different peopleRead MoreEssay on Poems by Willliam Blake2364 Words   |  10 PagesPoems by William Blake In this essay I will be examining the way 5 poems by William Blake convey his attitudes towards the society he lived in. William Blake was born on the 28th of November 1757, and then died on the 12th of August 1827. He spent most of his life living in London, except from 1800 to 1803 where he lived in a cottage in Felpham, a seaside village in Sussex. When Blake was almost 25 he married Catherine Bouchier. They had no children but were married for almost 45 yearsRead MoreWild Geese By Mary Oliver1581 Words   |  7 PagesWild Geese† by Mary Oliver, is a poem that speaks deeply to many types of people with different personalities. This poem encourages the reader to let go of their shame of guilt and rather they should follow their heart, find the beauty, and become one with nature. Each and every one of us has a place on this earth, and although we all go through times of despair, the sun keeps shining and the earth keeps turning. When reading â€Å"Wild Geese† by Mary Oliver, I imagine the speaker being someone who hasRead MoreWilliam Blake: a Marxist Before Marxism1941 Words   |  8 PagesIn his poem, The Chimney Sweeper, William Blake displays the despondent urban life of a young chimney sweeper during the coming of the industrial revolution in order to emphasize the theme of innocence through Marxism and to inform people of the harsh working conditions during the times of child labor promoting political reform. William Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757, to James and Catherine Blake. From early childhood, Blake spoke of having visions. He learned to read and write atRead MoreMarxism in The Chimney Sweeper Essay examples1927 Words   |  8 PagesIn his poem, The Chimney Sweeper, William Blake displays the despondent urban life of a young chimney sweeper during the coming of the industrial revolution in order to emphasize the theme of innocence through Marxism and to inform people of the harsh working conditions during the times of child labor promoting political reform. William Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757, to James and Catherine Blake. From early childhood, Blake spoke of having visions. He learned to read and write atRead More William Blakes London and William Wordsworths London, 18022496 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Blakes London and William Wordsworths London, 1802 The figure of the poet as it pertains to William Blake and William Wordsworth is different according to the perception of most analysts. Blake addresses a universal audience in a prophetic voice, taking the role of the poet upon himself often using a mystical tone. In contrast Wordsworth uses language specific to all and directs his writing to ordinary people writing as an ordinary person reacting to his own Read MoreELLA 4 ... A LEVEL ENGLISH LANG AND LIT2674 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast the ways in which Heaney and Blake write about innocence and experience in their poetry Both Seamus Heaney and William Blake explore the themes of innocence and experience in their poems. Heaney’s poetry develops powerful ideas of sacrifice in which childhood’s innocence is surrendered to a more experienced and developed life. Similarly, Blake explores innocence and experience through his religious awareness of sacrifice where innocence is repeatedly presented through childhood’s

Unanswered Concerns About Process Essay Topics for College Students You Need to Think About

Unanswered Concerns About Process Essay Topics for College Students You Need to Think About Now you own a list of prospective topics, but probably no clue where to get started. Based on the topic which you've chosen, you might vary the type of presentation that you opt for. A student might need a topic about something which is not far-fetched because the sensory details ought to be vividly portrayed. As you finalize your topic choice, make sure to settle on a process you've completed many occasions and which you can explain to somebody else. Should you decide you must chat about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, a great approach to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. It is probably that an individual may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. The Debate Over Process Essay Topics for College Students Colleges want to get a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. Along with it, the prospective students will likewise be able to earn payment via net banking. There is very little to say regarding the process essay outline because the structure repeats the actions needed to finish a particular procedure. The essay is easily among the most troublesome regions of the college application practice. A process essay should consist of certain instructions. A process analysis essay denotes the kind of academic writing, which includes a thorough description of the specific process in the form of the step-by-step guide. What You Must Know About Process Essay Topics for College Students So long as you use our practical suggestions on the best way to craft a great speech and pick an exciting subject, you can begin writing your demonstration speech for college students and expect it to be a true success. In any case, It might be difficult to come across great topics to speak about in a speech. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. As a college student, you probably know something about ways to study or the way to accomplish any range of college-related tasks. In case the teacher does not provide a particular topic, it means the students got lucky to decide on the processes they know the very best. Most college students, however, tend to select a topic they are enthusiastic about and create the essay have substantive details. Whenever your university student chooses to change their path, he'll likely must rewrite his specific fact. What You Can Do About Process Essay Topics for College Students Beginning in the Next Seven Minutes Categories, essay topics might be divided into. Students want to compose various kinds of academic essays. The essay topics are categorized in various groups only for the ease of readers. If you would like to begin your essay having a more overall description of what you will be discussing, it's still true that you should help it become specific and unique enough to stand out. To do this, you need to pinpoint what specifically you're focusing on and the way you'll structure your essay. It isn't so simple to compose a how-to essay. You need to make sure your essay isn't only interesting to read, but it's also thorough and actually informative for your reader. At exactly the same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. Most the topics employed for writing process essays are associated with academics. There are various topics that you can use in writing process essays. The Ultimate Process Essay Topics for College Students Trick Essentially, a process analysis essay is a how-to paper which should inform readers about how to do something and teach them essential things to do to reach specific objectives. The duration of the essay is normally dependent on the difficulty and number of steps it takes. Before beginning to write, go at your own pace and think of process essay thoughts and topics you like. The process essays are normally written for companies or people who need tutorials.

Unfinished Task of Bretton Woods-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Unfinished Task of Bretton Woods: Creating a Global Reserve System. Answer: The Unfinished Task of Bretton Woods: Creating a global reserve system The writer of the article Joseph E. Stiglitz has composed this article with the view to give learning and data in regards to the monetary framework amid and before the World War 2. The article gives us an outline of the financial framework amid the world war and its effect on the World's monetary framework. The article sets out a target to audit the choices taken by the intense countries to make changes in the monetary arrangement of the world. The European Commission and the US were the world forces who made the meeting known as the Bretton Woods Conference to roll out changes and improvements in the financial frameworks of the world (Odell 2014). The US and the European Commission coordinated with each other to manufacture two foundations, one is the International Monetary Fund, and the other is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development otherwise called the World Bank (Obstfeld and Taylor 2017). The possibility of these two foundations have worked to encourage in ch anging and making monetary changes and to manufactured money related collaboration among the countries on the planet economy. The question for which the associations have been constructed is to give budgetary help to the nations uniquely the creating nations of the world. The organizations have work to enable the creating nations to develop relationship on industry, to give stage or incorporated market to the creating nations to exchange, and make quickening in advancement and innovative exchange (Eichengreen, Chi?u and Mehl 2016). The US and the European commission had framed the two foundations to improve the development of worldwide exchange. The writer through his article endeavored to set up that the monetary framework created after the World War 2 in the meeting of Bretton Woods has been fruitful in making monetary changes and making a money related collaboration. The Article of the assention of the Bretton Woods endeavored to give and advance global monetary collaboration, to extend and develop universal exchange, soundness in return and set up multilateral framework for installments and give assets to the creating nations to remedy the adjust of installment proportion (Ocampo 2016). Theory: The creator has discussed the hypothesis of Keynes in creating and making a worldwide save framework. Keynes is a famous worldwide business analyst who made the usage of his speculations to make a worldwide hold framework for the UK as well as to for other creating countries of the world. The writer ad libbed the Keynes hypothesis in his article to demonstrate that how the advancement of the new money related frameworks helped the world economy to thrive (Barrow and Keck 2017). Concepts: Joe Stiglitz has composed an imperative book. It ought to be perused by anybody intrigued by financial advancement, open approach in a period of globalization, and the political economy of basic leadership in worldwide associations. It is part journal, part show, and part feedback of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (Pauly 2016). As a diary, it is engaging and useful. It recounts the narrative of how Professor Stiglitz went to Washington, and disliked it there. He discovered that governmental issues were the primary game played inside the freeway, and that philosophy was regularly more imperative than thorough scholarly civil argument (Zhang and Tao 2016). Individuals in high places did not generally need to hear him out, and when they did, they regularly disregarded his recommendation. As a show, the book is intense. One doesn't need to concur with everything Stiglitz needs to state, to perceive that a number of his thoughts are critical, and should be talked about genuinely. T herefore, of the level headed discussion created by the book, a few arrangements that have turned out to be promptly acknowledged in Washington are probably going to be amended later on. The book is at its weakest with regards to the feedback of the IMF. Likewise, this is not just due to what Stiglitz needs to state; it is for the most part a direct result of how he says it. The tone is excessively antagonistic and forceful, and he misses no chance to affront the IMF staff. As indicated by Stiglitz, ''scholarly consistency has never been the sign of the IMF,'' and the staff deliberately rehearses ''awful financial aspects.'' His portrayals of IMF business analysts and arrangements are uncalled for and, by and large, self-serving. I trust that the book could have a success story had the Author picked a more mild style (Ocampo 2016). Argument: The primary target of the article is to give a review of the arrangements surrounded in Bretton Woods' which should be consolidated for every individual nation. Nations should grasp globalization all alone terms, considering their own particular history, culture, and conventions. In any case, if ineffectively outlined master globalization approaches are probably going to be expensive. They will expand unsteadiness, make nations more defenseless against outside stuns, diminish development, and increment destitution (Winham 2014). Despite what might be expected, progression arrangements have been actualized too quick, in the wrong request, and frequently utilizing lacking or evidently wrong financial investigation. Subsequently, he contends, we now confront repulsive outcomes, incorporating increments in desperation and social clash, and summed up disappointment. Stiglitz trusts that in the mid 1990s, the IMF, the World Bank and the US Treasury propelled an intrigue of sorts to run ove rall monetary changethis is the notorious Washington Consensus (McCauley and Schenk 2015). This view, be that as it may, is excessively shortsighted and overlooks the advancement of change thinking amid the most recent two decades. In the 1980s and mid 1990s, strategy producers in many creating countries were moving quicker than the multilaterals or the Treasury. Three interrelated strategy issues are at the focal point of Stiglitz's feedback of globalization. (1) In outlining change bundles amid the 1990s, vital parts of the sequencing and pace of change were overlooked. Thus, in numerous nations, change was actualized too quickly. (2) Advocating (and forcing) capital record progression was an enormous oversight. (3), the IMF reaction to emergencies and specifically toward the East Asian emergency was a catastrophe that compounded the situation instead of better. Specifically, forcing monetary starkness and raising loan fees were repulsive errors that cost the East Asian nations a few focuses regarding development. As anyone might expect, given his hypothetical works amid the most recent 35 years, Stiglitz outlines his feedback around the bits of knowledge of the hypothesis of hilter kilter data. Stiglitz claims that if things had been done another way, that is, whether they had been done his direction, the result regarding social conditions would have been essentially better. On occasion, I observed his contentions to be powerful (Granello 2016). Stiglitz more than once contends that for monetary advancement to succeed, it is fundamental that change be actualized at the correct speed and morally justified. This is an essential rule, and Stiglitz is appropriate in underlining it. I trust that Stiglitz is especially on target when he contends that opening the capital record too early is probably going to create genuine separations. Truth be told, since the start of the financial aspects calling, it has been managed again and again. Adam Smith, for instance, contended in The Wealth of Nations that deciding the proper sequencing was a troublesome issue that included, basically, political contemplations. In addition, Smith bolstered gradualismsimilarly as Stiglitz doesin light of the fact that without any weaning period progression would bring about a critical increment in joblessness. In the mid 1980s, the World Bank turned out to be especially intrigued by understanding issues identified with sequencing and speed of change. Papers were charged, gatherings were sorted out, and distinctive nation encounters were investigated. Accordingly, of the exchange encompassing this work, an agreement of sorts created on the sequencing and speed of change (Bordo and Redish 2013). The most imperative components of this agreement included: (1) Trade progression ought to be continuous and buttressed with significant outside guide; (2) An exertion ought to be made to limit the joblessness outcomes of change; (3) In nations with high swelling, monetary irregular characteristics ought to be managed from the get-go in the change procedure; (4) Financial change requires the making of current supervisory and administrative organizations; and (5) The financial record ought to be changed at the very end of the procedure, and just once the economy has possessed the capacity to extend effectively its fare area (Ocampo 2015). Obviously, not every person will concur with these proposals, yet a great many people will. Specifically, individuals at the IMF did not question these general standards. For instance, open Jacob Frenkel, who was to end up plainly the IMF's Economic Counselor, contended in a mid-1980s article in the IMF Staff Papers that the capital record should, surely, towards the finish of the change procedure. At some point amid the mid 1990s, this got astuteness on sequencing and speed started to be tested. Progressively, individuals in Washington started to call for synchronous and quick changes. Conclusion: In the article, Stieglitz is critical of Klaus' fast and concurrent change procedure; however his feedback neglects to address the political economy worries that at the time stressed Klaus and other pioneer reformers in Central and Eastern Europe. In a paper exhibited at this gathering, Robert Mundell caught compactly the perspectives of generally members. At the 1992 Seoul meeting on capital advancement, one of only a handful couple of nonconformists was the late Manuel Guitian, at that point a senior authority at the IMF, who contended for moving rapidly towards capital record convertibility. Distinct difference, a glaring difference to Stiglitz's portrayal of the IMF initiative, there was no doctrine or presumption in Guitian's position. He tuned in to others' contentions, given counter-contentions, and painstakingly tuned in to the counter-contentions. In the wake of examining the advancement of universal monetary markets, and communicating reservations about the ''capital-accoun t-last'' sequencing suggestion, Guitian abridged his perspectives. Beginning in 1995, an ever increasing number of nations started to unwind their controls on capital versatility. In doing this, nonetheless, they had a tendency to take after various procedures and ways. While a few nations offered bank lending, others just permitted long haul capital developments, but then others, for example, Chile utilized market-based instruments to back off the rate at which capital was streaming into the economy. Numerous nations, be that as it may, did not require any pushing from the IMF or the US to open their capital record. Indonesia and Mexico just to say two essential cases had a long custom of free capital versatility, which went before the occasions examined in this book, and never proposed to take after an alternate strategy (Wollner 2014). References: Barrow, C.W. and Keck, M., 2017. Symposium/stateGlobalization theory and state theory: the false antinomy.Studies in Political Economy, pp.1-20. Bordo, M.D. and Redish, A., 2013.Putting the'system'in the International Monetary System(No. w19026). National Bureau of Economic Research. Eichengreen, B., Chi?u, L. and Mehl, A., 2016. Stability or upheaval? The currency composition of international reserves in the long run.IMF Economic Review,64(2), pp.354-380. Granello, D., 2016. The BRICS countries: strides toward Greater Representation in international institutions. McCauley, R.N. and Schenk, C.R., 2015. Reforming the International Monetary System in the 1970s and 2000s: Would a Special Drawing Right Substitution Account Have Worked?.International Finance,18(2), pp.187-206. Obstfeld, M. and Taylor, A.M., 2017.International Monetary Relations: Taking Finance Seriously(No. w23440). National Bureau of Economic Research. Ocampo Gaviria, J.A., 2016.Global macroeconomic cooperation and the exchange rate system(No. 2016/49). WIDER Working Paper. Ocampo, J.A., 2015.Capital account liberalization and management(No. 2015/048). WIDER Working Paper. Ocampo, J.A., 2016.Global macroeconomic cooperation and the exchange rate system(No. 049). World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). Odell, J.S., 2014.US international monetary policy: Markets, power, and ideas as sources of change. Princeton University Press. Pauly, L.W., 2016. 11 Diagnosing the human condition in a dynamic global system.Susan Strange and the Future of Global Political Economy: Power, Control and Transformation, p.183. Winham, G.R., 2014.International trade and the Tokyo Round negotiation. Princeton University Press. Wollner, G., 2014. Justice in finance: the normative case for an international financial transaction tax.Journal of Political Philosophy,22(4), pp.458-485. Zhang, L. and Tao, K., 2016. The Economics of RMB Internationalization.Asian Economic Papers.

Should Abortion Clinics Be Closed Essays - Reproductive Rights, Law

Should Abortion Clinics be Closed? Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Should Abortion Clinics be Closed? In 1973, the supreme court decision known as Roe v. wade, made it possible for woman to get safe, legal abortions from well-trained medical practitioners and therefore led to dramatic decreases in pregnancy-related injury and death. Now the policy proposal has been done to close up abortion clinics. We are against this proposal and we will give you some arguments why we think abortion clinics in this state should not be closed. Closing up abortion clinics enables a lot of woman to have an abortion. Having an abortion should be woman's own choice. But when there are no providers of abortion around, that choice has already been made for her. Closing up the clinics will higher the barriers of having an abortion. But when the barriers are too high, this means that for some woman, the right to make their own choices in life, is taken away from them. The constitution says we have a right on Privacy, so taking away a woman's chance to make decisions over her own body and life, infringes with that right. In 1973 the American Supreme Court ruled that American's right to privacy included the right of a woman to decide whether to have children, and the right of a woman and her doctor to make that decision without state interference. Closing up abortion clinics violates that right woman have. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) is the nation's preeminent defender of the Constitution and The Bill of Rights, they defend the rights of all. The ACLU has protected the right of woman to choose abortion, and in recent years has argued the key cases opposing restrictions that deny woman access to reproductive health care. Policy 263 states: "The ACLU holds that every woman, as a matter of her right to the enjoyment of life, liberty, and privacy, should be free to determine whether and when to bear children." Closing up abortion clinics will be done with the purpose to reduce the number of abortions. This raises the question whether this will be effective. Before 1973 abortion was illegal. Criminalization of abortion did not reduce the number of woman who sought abortion. What is known is that between 1880 and 1973 many thousands of woman died or suffered serious medical problems after attempting to self-induce their abortions, or going to untrained practitioners who performed cheap abortions with primitive methods or in unsanitary conditions. Taking away the provision of abortion will obstruct to access for woman to have an abortion. But like before 1973, woman will keep attempting and succeed in ending unwanted pregnancies. With this a lot of woman will risk their health and even their lives. Keeping open local abortion clinics, increases the chance that woman who choose to have an abortion at least will do this in safe way. So closing up abortion clinics will not reduce the number of women who seek abortion. Demand stays the same, but the provision is declined. This means that the waiting lists of abortion clinics in others states will be much longer. Women will have to wait longer to get an abortion, and will be treated later in their pregnancy. Some people say that the unborn baby is alive and has feelings when the heart starts to beat. The heartbeat begins between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth day. So when the woman who wants to have an abortion will have to wait that long, her abortion, according to abortion activists, will get closer to murder the unborn child. This problem could be solved with keeping abortion clinics open, because then the woman can be treated early in her pregnancy, when the heart of the unborn baby is not beating yet. She won't have to wait because of long waiting lists, or because she needs time to raise her funds to be able to afford the abortion. A woman who wants to have an abortion will have to travel a long way when there are no providers around. This will make her abortion even more expensive then it already is. She will have to pay for the abortion itself, the traveling costs, and the costs of the accommodation that she will need. She is longer under way, and therefore also needs to take off from work longer, this also costs her money. All these extra expenses will make it for some woman impossible to have an abortion. An abortion clinic is not a butcher's place where young lives are getting killed. They provide woman with the choice when and whether to

Responsible Fathering Essays

Responsible Fathering Essays Responsible Fathering Essay Responsible Fathering Essay Responsible Begeting Fathers play a cardinal function in household maps and interactions. The ideal male parent protects and supports his household, and is sober. A male parent with an dependence to cocaine makes him unqualified as a parent ; it yields him the ability to care for his kids. The dependence leads to breaks in dealingss with his kids. Cocaine dependent male parents are more interested in geting and utilizing drugs instead than disbursement clip with their kid, hence impacting the child’s emotional, mental, and societal development. Paternal cocaine dependence affects the emotional development of kids, seeing how attachment in the father-child relationship plays a cardinal function. A child’s fond regard to their parent acts as a footing for the development of trust, a sense of security, and an emotionally stable personality. In their article â€Å"Family Structure and Adolescent Drug Use: An Exploration of Single-Parent Families† , psychological science professors Vanessa Hemovich and William F. Crano provinces, â€Å"Children of cocaine dependant male parents by and large are more likely to be resource deprived and have less intense and less consistent monitoring† ( 2100 ) . These kids frequently do non have the necessary parental supervising. These male parents besides reported harsher disciplinary patterns. Fathers, who monitor their kids less, be given to go more annoyed when their kid misbehaves. Emotion expressed by parents following a child’s misbehavior influences the parenta l determination devising procedure and unluckily, their parenting behaviour. Therefore, the male parent has the disposition to utilize physical penalty as a disciplinary method. Changeless physical penalty induces fear into kids ; it besides causes them to go aggressive during adolescent old ages and even into maturity. A child’s mental development is by and large influenced by their ain observations and judgements of their societal and physical environments. A male parent who abuses cocaine produces a degage and tense household environment, such an environment amendss personality development. Paternal cocaine dependence affects his child’s behaviour ; more, specifically surveies show that kids who grow up in places with cocaine maltreatment have higher degrees of depression, anxiousness, and antisocial behaviour ( Stover, Urdahl, A ; Easton 344 ) . Children with a history of antisocial behaviour are at higher hazards for fazing behavioural jobs in childhood, including aggressive behaviour. â€Å"Furthermore, striplings with aggressive behaviours have trouble in presuming grownup functions such as matrimony, parenting, and executing satisfactorily in the universe of work† ( J. Brook, Duan, A ; D. Brook 410 ) . Aggressive striplings are at hazards of mistreating illegal substan ces, holding physical and mental unwellness, and prosecuting in condemnable behaviour in maturity. Along with aggression, paternal cocaine-addiction besides causes impaired societal development and behavioural jobs. Children of cocaine-addicted male parents are typically described as quiet and have a limited societal life. They have problem keeping normal, interpersonal relationships. A survey conducted by research physicians Neta Peleg-Oren, Giora Rahav, and Meir Teichmen found that â€Å"in drug dependent households there are no bounds, clear outlooks, nor clear criterions of behaviour ; and the parental attack towards the kids is inconsistent: the same behaviour may be rewarded in one state of affairs and punished in another† ( 11 ) . Inconsistent and unpredictable parenting is a ground to why immature kids develop behavioural jobs, ensuing in impaired societal relationships. These kids display forms of behavior mature for their age, such as taking duty, internalising guilt, rationalizing, and exposing submissiveness. Yet, while they seem to be more mature, at the same clip they feel weak and dependent, and have their emotional and societal operation impaired as grownups ( Peleg-Oren e t al. 11 ) . As grownups they are at greater hazards of developing different psychological and behavioural jobs due to their insecurities. Surveies on the kids of cocaine nuts indicate that they are at danger for emotional jobs including depressive symptoms, anxiousness upsets, post-traumatic emphasis upset, low self-pride, and solitariness ( Stover et al. 347 ) . Other surveies suggest troubles in cognitive development: hapless problem-solving accomplishments, unequal verbal abilities, and were more likely to hold hapless academic public presentation. Related to behavior jobs, kids with low academic public presentation are more prone to go attached with delinquent societal groups ( Zimic A ; Jukic 177 ) . Poor academic public presentation and behavioural jobs is caused by the disregard these kids receive at place. There is a higher rate of disregard and household struggle with a male parent mistreating cocaine. A survey on kid disregard, conducted by Ana Mezzich and her co-workers, revealed important dental jobs with kids of cocaine-users compared to the kids of non-cocaine users, which is an early index of hapless general wellness ( 397 ) . Mezzich states, â€Å"The motive and duty of parents to supervise the child’s OD [ unwritten dental ] wellness is indispensable for bar of disease and the child’s acquisition of self-management of unwritten wellness behavior† ( Mezzich 397 ) . These male parents find it easier to let their kids to devour processed sugars and pattern bad hygiene. If the disregard continues, the kid could hold trauma to his dentitions, shed blooding gums, lesions, and infections ( Mezzich 397 ) . Fathers, who use powerful drugs like cocaine, are more likely to hold intoxicant and other substances throughout the house, which are really detrimental to the dentitions and gums every bit good. Cocaine dependence can non merely ache the individual mistreating the drug, but it can besides harm their household. A parental dependance on drugs has been a turning job, particularly the impact it has on childhood development. Children are highly vulnerable to psychological upsets from the disregard they receive from their male parents. Parents who are high plenty on cocaine do non recognize the possible hazards of damaging their kid. Bing raised by a drug addicted parent is like the equality to non being raised at all. Most people are opprobrious or irrational when they are high. When parents lash out on their kids, they create an image that their childs will copy – an opprobrious, angry individual. Childhood and adolescence is a critical phase when person learns right from incorrect and develops a healthy growth form. A kid can non larn how to act right if his male parent merely displays selfish and neglecting behaviour. It induces a nerve-racking household environment bec ause these male parents are more interested in obtaining and utilizing cocaine instead than in their children’s development. These kids are being forced to maturate early, but can non win decently due to improper attention from cocaine-dependent male parents. If the people they know and trust are non willing to learn and take part in their lives, so they are looking into a dark hereafter. Plants Cited Brook, Judith, Tao Duan, and David Brook. Fathers Who Abuse Drugs And Their Adolescent Children: Longitudinal Forecasters Of Adolescent Aggression. American Journal on Addictions16.5 ( 2007 ) : 410-17.SPORTDiscus with Full Text.Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Hemovich, Vanessa, and William Crano. Family Structure and Adolescent Drug Use: An Exploration of Single-Parent Families. Substance Use A ; Misuse44.14 ( 2009 ) : 2099-113.SPORTDiscus with Full Text.Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Mezzich, Ada, et Al. Child Neglect and Oral Health Problems in Offspring of Substance-Abusing Fathers. American Journal on Addictions16.5 ( 2007 ) : 397-402.SPORTDiscus with Full Text.Web. 26 Jan. 2014. Peleg-Oren, Neta, Giora Rahav, and Meir Teichman. School-age Children of Fathers with Substance Use Disorder: Are They a High Risk Population? Journal of Alcohol A ; Drug Education 52.2 ( 2008 ) : 9-30. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. Stover, Carla Smith, Anna Urdahl, and Caroline Easton. Depression as a Mediator of the Association between Substance Abuse and Negative Parenting of Fathers. American Journal of Drug A ; Alcohol Abuse38.4 ( 2012 ) : 344-49.SPORTDiscus with Full Text.Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Zimic, Jadranka, and Vlado Jukic. Familial Hazard Factors Prefering Drug Addiction Onset. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs44.2 ( 2012 ) : 173-85.Academic Search Complete.Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

Embracing Change

Embracing Change Easy words to say. The type of words seen on decorative Facebook posts with oceans in the background, like you never thought about dealing with change before. I recently had a hard day. Not of challenge or obstacles, but of the silent yet keen edge of change. After attending a luncheon featuring an author Id just learned of, an annual event Id attended for years, I left deflated and demoralized, and I couldnt put my finger on the reason why. Actually spent the better part of the day pondering what in the world had knocked my internal gyroscope off its center. My very core felt bruised. Nobody did anything horrendously wrong or broke any social mores to get up at arms about. That literary event had become a staple in my world, but it had developed new leadership, and some of the old guard was gone. The speaker wasnt like the others, a bit formulaic without much inspiration, and the event adjourned with little fanfare, less charm. . . the sense of special gone. It was more about me accepting the fact that nothing remains the same. Im usually good at embracing change, often excited about the opportunity it presents, but this altered an environment around me that Id come to rely upon as. . . unchangeable. It was like losing a close friend, with nobody else around to fill that void the way they did. . . knowing the change was permanent. Like when we have to learn how to publish differently or lose an editor thats always molded us well. Like when a magazine folds for which weve written dozens of pieces. Like when we change to self-publishing because traditional isnt paying as it used to, only to learn that indie is a whole different animal that might not pay any different. Or when publishers (of any kind) change rules and methods weve come to consider second nature. So, I did something I havent done in years. I opened a book of poems. Mary Oliver, to be precise. She was so good at simplifying life and noting whats important. I turned to poetry to calm my mind and to make sense of the change. Change happens, and Im supposed to be a part of it, so I can help it be better, too.

Research Paper Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Paper - Research Proposal Example The 1890s also saw an increase in the numbers of single women. Free from the normal responsibilities that society placed on adult women, the single women had the opportunity to pursue education or find other ways of improving their own lives. They would inevitably embrace the cause of feminism. The eventual success and spread of feminist ideals at the turn of the 20th century in Britain happened in spite of feminism organizations, and not because of them. This is because there were significant social class issues within the organizations that constantly threatened to undo the work that they accomplished. At the turn of the 20th century, women who believed in feminist principles could be found across all social classes in Britain. Women, as a group, were discriminated against on the basis of their gender in different respects, and so would support any efforts to improve their lot. However, not all of them publicly proclaimed their support of the suffragettes, as British Feminists referred to themselves. Vocal feminists were a minority in all social classes. The working class feminists were more vocal than those in other classes because they combined feminist objectives with trade-unionism, and so had a larger platform on which to address the need to recognise women rights. One of the most famous feminists of this period was Emmeline Pankhurst, who was from the middle class. In 1903, Mrs. Pankhurst formed the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU) whose members would engage in public demonstrations which drew the nation’s attention. In 1897, Millicent Fawcett, another feminist, had launched the National Union of Women Suffragists. Millicent Fawcett was from a more privileged background than Emmeline Pankhurst, and supposedly looked upon her rival with contempt. However, it would be Mrs. Pankhurst’s efforts on behalf of women that would be

Legitimate Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legitimate Abortion - Essay Example Remaining to be both human and existing must be sufficient enough (Francome, C. (1984), p. 113). This classification would not understandably necessitate that every abortions would be unlawful, however it would alter the focal point of the argument towards the other concerns which we are habituated to be bearing in mind when we argue the authenticity of taking an individual's life. For instance, is the killing warranted by protection of another being or self-protection Has the sufferer said-so Otherwise, as we generally regard as in the situation of "brain deceased" citizens, would the sufferer permit if she or he contains the capacity to converse with us The exercise of intimidation, supported by sadistic force, is the essential feature of governments. Several other individuals use violence as well as coercion, evidently, nevertheless governments comprises domination when it approaches towards the "rightful" application of these performances. Each law is eventually a danger to do mischief to those who may desire to infringe that rule. Once there is no require for that danger, there is no must for the rule. Libertarians aim to minimize the hazard of governmental aggression and cruelty, while utilizing administration itself to decrease the threat of aggression and cruelty from other individual. Distinction from anarchists, libertarians distinguishes that government comprise a priceless role in the social order: to shield and begin individual freedom (Choices (1999), p. 57). What every one of these illogical principles has for being an individual have shared is that they necessitate something further than just being animate but to be a human being. On the occasion we recognize that principle, the potential for cruelty are everlasting. Governments may justify the rejection of freedom and existence simply by shifting the random description of who is an individual with who is not. Indeed, history educates us that the administrations are brilliant at that nature of things. Part II: Anti-thesis The disagreement in support of legitimate abortion relies profoundly on prejudiced definitions

International student migration to the UK Essay Example for Free

International student migration to the UK Essay Since the policy of UKs government on immigration dramatically changed in 1997, a positive immigration policy was carried out by the UK government, especially towards temporary skilled immigration (Stam.A, 2006). Thus students migration increasingly became representative of this kind of migration. This students migration trend brings various effects to the UK student immigration pattern as well as the entire UK. Therefore, this essay aims to demonstrate the effect of students migration in China and European country, particularly, analyze the major cause of students migration , then compare the different causes in these two typical examples and evaluate the differences in my perspective. The similar significant effect of students migration in China and European country to the UK is the increasing number of students. According to the report from European Union (EU) after 2004, the A8 countries (from Eastern Europe who joined the EU in the largest single expansion since its creation in 1957) had a great number of increasing students inflow of A8 students to the UK annually (see figure 1). In the academic year of 2008/09 there were approximately 17,000 Higher education students who were domiciled in A8 countries. From this data, it is clear draws the conclusion that the annual students migration at A8 countries were increased. Over the long term, the effects of this immigration pause on the size of European community of education more small. In addition, Non-European country still send large students to the UK. Based on the statistics from UK Higher Education Statistics Agency, during the period of 1995 and 2003, overseas students increase in number from 206,000 to just over 300,000. It claims that overseas students represented over 13% of the entire UK Higher Education student population. (Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2005). In part of Non-European countries student migration, the largest contribution comes from Asia (see figure 2). Figure 1 A8 student numbers in Higher Education institutions in England and Wales, 2001/02 2008/09 (Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2010) Figure 2 Nationality of foreign students entering the UK, 2004-2010 ( Source :Home Office, Control of Immigration :Statistics UK, 2010) However, in terms of the situation in China, the major effect of students migration is not only the increased number of students, but also the financial contribution to the UK government and some negative social effect. According to the survey during 2003-2004, the 43,000 international students from China contributed at least 300 million pounds and increased more 30% than the previous year. Furthermore, this trend still gives rise to the social issues. For instance, some wealthier students might has showed off their high level of consumption which may attract the increased robbery and bring the threat to their safety and even undoubtedly arise the crime rate in local community (Wei .S, 2005). From this case of Chinese students migration, it claims that the effects of student migration have both positive and negative sides. In spite of the effects that European country and China caused, the major reason which causes these effects should be pay more attention to analyze. Just as Mr. Willetts spoken at conference of University UK, Without international students, we could not be only poorer economically-we could also be more boring, more insular, and more ignorant of wider world.(BBC News, 2012). On the one hand, economy drive more Chinese students migration to the UK. After the opening-up Chinese economy reforms since 1970s, many Chinese migrants are chasing the better economic development and have significant migration inflows from China. So students migration becomes the main trend to meet requirements as a consequence of rapid development of economy requires more educated talent in work force. Thus,a great number of parents pull and push their children to study in the UK in order to acquire level of English, study at higher academic reputational university. In contrast, the cause in European country is different. The citizens from A8 country in European started to be implement the fewer restriction on their right entering the UK (Gillingham.E, 2010) and it has reflected on the area of students migration. Specifically, as a result of the more simple process of entering the UK, students are highly attractive source of skilled migration without an excess of limitations. Other causes of difference between China and European country involve issue of visa policy. Overview the Non-European country, the major cause of increase students migration is that student visas are not permanent, and they do not need provide a direct legal route to settlement. On the basic data of entering in the UK, 79% not stayed as British residents and another 6% remained as students who not tend to lead settlement (Achato et al.2010). There extension of visa statement can state that application of Tire 4 Student visas are rising up during the period of year from 2001 to 2010 (see figure 3). China is the largest group of students migration to the UK in Non-European country, so there is no doubt that the visa extension in Non-European country also reflects the same situation in China. Moreover, implementing entry procedures in flexible, provide available service lets students gain work experiences in the UK. This also a effective strategy to keep international intellectual stay in the UK (Wei Shen, 2005). In comparison, students who from European country have fewer limitation about visa. For example, the UK council for International Student Affairs clams that if a student from European Economic Area (EEA), the student could be entitled to the UK freely for up to three months without any demonstration about the right of free movement and do not have to register or apply for any documents in order to stay in the UK.(UKCISA) figure 3 Extension of visas, non-EEA students,2001-10 (Source :Home Office, Control of Immigration: Statistics UK, 2009) To summarize, according to the analysis of these two examples, it is not difficult to state all these students migration have similar effects but different causes of migration pattern. Although excessive student migration can cause some social issues, the similar effect of the increasing number of students immigration to the UK still exist in China and European country as the major impact of students migration. However, the different causes of this migration trend contribute as much as their similar effect. In China, students migration to other nation is to fulfill the developing countrys demand of skilled people to facilitate economy. I believe this cause could attract more students study abroad and so that streamling service of visas application to provide more convenience to students migration. While in European country, there are fewer restriction of visa policy and right entering to the UK than China. This can make the policy about students migration in European country change more to promote the development of it. Therefore, I argue that different causes about students migration in China and European country still cause similar result, and it will be profound to migration pattern in the future. List of References Achato, et al. (2010) The Migration Journey. Home Office Research Report 43.London: Home Office BBC News.(2012,September 13).Overseas students: Change to UK migration figures planned. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-19579923 Blinder,S.(2011,December). Non-European Student Migration to the UK, The migration observatory, 1st Revision (Next update:12/12/2012). Available at: http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/non-european-student-migration-uk Findlay,A.M.and Stam,A.(2006, March 16).International student migration to the UK:Training for the global economy or simply another form of Global talent recruitment? Institute for the Study of International Migration. Available at: http://www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/isim/Event%20Documents/Sloan%20Global%20Competition%20Meeting/Findlay-UK.pdf Gillingham,E. (2010, November). Understanding A8 migration to the UK since Accession, Office for National Statistics. Available at: www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/novem ber-2010/understanding-a8-migration-to-the-uk-since-accession.pdf Higher Education Statistics Agency (2005). Students in Higher Education Institutions 2003/4.(also 1994/5-present) The Higher Education Academy (2007). The internalization of UK Higher Education: a review of selected material. Available at: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/detail/the_internationalisation_of_uk_he UK council for International Student Affairs(no date). EEA and Swiss students. Available at: http://www.ukcisa.org.uk/student/eea.php#register Wei Shen (2005). A study on Chinese student migration, Asia Europe Journal, 3(3). Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/q8988416j37t6144/

Marketing Information Systems (MkIS) Support for the Marketing Management Process :: essays research papers

Marketing Information Systems (MkIS) Support for the Marketing Management Process Introduction More and more, companies are faced with the need to control an ever larger and rapidly changing marketing environment. The information processing requirements of companies are expanding as their competitive environment becomes more dynamic and volatile (Child, 1987). To handle the increasing external and internal information flow and to improve its quality, companies have to take advantage of the opportunities offered by modern information technology (IT) and information systems (IS). Managing marketing information by means of IT has become one of the most vital elements of effective marketing. By collecting and sharing marketing information and by using it to promote corporate and brand image, IS offer new ways of improving the internal efficiency of the firm. IS allow dynamic marketing communication between personnel in corporate planning, accounting, advertising and sales promotion, product management, channels of distribution and direct sales. These systems also relate to marketi ng strategy, marketing planning and the entire marketing management process. IS span the boundary between the organization and its environment by connecting the customers and partners to the firm ¢s warehouse, factory and management. Today interorganizational relationships and interorganizational information systems (IOS) have become a common form for processing transactions and there are many examples of IOS that create electronic linkages between firms (see Bakos, 1991; Cash and Konsynski, 1985). IT has a key role in new flexible organization forms such as strategic partnerships and cross-functional networks. New organizations will be designed around business processes rather than functional hierarchies (Rockart and Short, 1989) and we will face the need for new kinds of IS in marketing. In fact, IS will be the cornerstone of new approaches to marketing. Management and systems designers should therefore be better aware of the avenues available to integrate marketing and management processes in new innovative ways. The objectives of this empirical survey among Finnish wholesale companies are threefold. First, we evaluate which information included in marketing information systems (MkIS) has been important in providing support for the marketing management process. Second, we analyse what improvements in marketing and sales have been realized by implementing MkIS to support the marketing management process. Third, we investigate, in more detail, what operational MkIS sub-systems have contributed to improved effectiveness for implementing and controlling marketing efforts. In order to answer these questions we first develop the analytical framework, and then we describe the survey of 50 marketing organizations in Finland.

Lowering the Drinking

The central plank of the debate is the determination of minimum age of drinking. The society will be happier where the states interference is less and where it allows the full freedom and liberty to the citizens with qualified restrictions. The actions taken and legislations passed by the governments are just for the welfare of the state with public policy. The heated discussion on Lowering the Drinking is not a new one and it came into spotlight with Jenna Bush’s arrest for consuming alcohol and buying it with fake identification. The social contract theory says that men have right to the sovereign to organize them in better way. The sovereign was not a party to the contract. The people authorized and give up the right of governing themselves to the sovereign who came into being as a result of the contract. [1] It is given the right of make laws. Law is the expression of general will. According to Rousseau â€Å"A law is a resolution of the whole people, for the whole people, touching a matter that concerns all†. Law must relate to general interest. It represents the general will. The enactments of the government are merely a corollary of the general will. So the laws framed regarding the drinking age also should go with the general will. The national minimum drinking age act, 1984 give 21 years as the minimum age of drinking in USA. In many countries there is no age restriction on the drinking and in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia it is 17 year. The present laws set the age of drinking as 21 [2] and it was 24 years back it came into force. And it is time look back with the resent development in social as well as technological development. There are several issues where the importance of age is taken into account. some of them are Marriage Adult franchise Capital Punishment Military Services The above mentioned are very important which are having affinity with the Society, Legislature, Judiciary and Executive (defense). They all prescribed the minimum age of their eligibility’s 18 years. But the age of drinking is declared as 21 years. The detailed discussion of them shows their importance and its relevance to the society. Marriage: According to Black law dictionary, â€Å"The legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife is called marriage.† It is regarded as civil contract by the common law. The essentials of the valid marriage are 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the parties are legally capable of contracting marriage 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mutual consent or agreement, and 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An actual contracting in the form prescribed by law. The essential ‘The parties are legally capable of contracting marriage’ goes with lot of interpretation. The legally capable to contracting marriage in regarding the age varies from religion to religion generally and with the uniform civil code it is given to the states to make laws on their own. For a marriage minimum age, license, proof, application, consent for underage applicant is required. ‘SEC. 3. (1) R. S. 1846, Chap. 83 (Amended by Act No. 44, P.A. 1956) Every person who becomes 18 years of age shall be capable by law of contracting marriage. Every person who becomes 16 years of age but is less than 18 years of age shall be capable of contracting marriage with the written consent of 1 of the parents of the person or the person's legal guardian, as provided in this section.’[3] So the eligible age for marriage is 18 and even 16 is allowed with the prescribed procedure. Marriage is one of the important institutions in the society. If the a person is allowed to go with that important responsibility and have the metal power, then why not a person is not allowed to drink at that age. Voting; The adult suffrage is the fullest implication of democracy and it is the most striking feature implication of democracy and it is most striking feature of the constitution. The ‘section 1, of the twenty-sixth amendment-reduction of voting age qualification gives the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of age’.[4] If the person is eligible to decide which government he want and what will be the pros and cons of that government establishment, cant he think on the drinking and the limits of the drinking. With the development of mass media each and every point of manifesto are clearly analyzed and by taking that inputs only the people are voting. Now the leaders are also focusing on the youth issue which shows their importance in the elections. Being so important decision makers of a future government they can also decide on the level of drinking. So the age of drinking should be brought down to the age of voting right. Capital Punishment; Capital punishment is the highest punishment in the penology knows to man. It deprives the criminal’s life and existence. Modern Penologists, jurists, jurisprudents e.t.c preferred it for the grave and heinous crimes only. According to the reformative theory â€Å"No one is a born criminal. A criminal is the product of the social and economical circumstances.† Modern psycho-analysts, criminologists, sociologist’s e.t.c are  Ã‚   behind this modern theory. The one of the recent case Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S 551(2005) the Supreme Court held that the minimum age at time of crime to be subject to the death penalty is 18. The judiciary is regarded as best institution for its reasoning on any issue. If the court itself is defending the decision and declared that at age of 18 the person is reasonably prudent and he have total knowledge about the society why cant it allow the person to drink at   the age of 18. Now almost 19 states and federal government had set a minimum age of 18 for capital punishment Military services The person having 18 years of age is eligible to enter into the military services and can serve the nation up to 49 years. Even a person of 17 years of age, with parental permission, can join the U.S. armed services.   There is a strong point that a person with 18 years is serving the nation with commitment, responsibility and attitude to serve the nation. If this is the case cant a person with 18 can’t have liberty drink. Conclusion: It is the time to re-look at the existing law with the advancement of the science and technology and improvement is the communication has enhanced the capabilities of a person.[5] The drinking problems can be reduced with alternative legislations. All people should not suffer due to few deterrents, so more though laws on the violators are a good measure.   Now the people are in a position to decide what is good and what is bad by 18 years itself. If the person is able to decide on the marriage, voting and joining into defense services, he can also think as a prudent person on the drinking also. So the minimum age of drinking should be brought down to 18 years. References: 1.VD. Mahajan, origin of state, Political theory,(1988), 4th edition , S. Chand and Company. 2. Radley Balko, Back to 18, A new chorus of critics says it's time to lower the drinking age, April 12, 2007 < Marriage Laws, 2008 Washtenaw County, MI http://www.reason.com/news/show/119618.html> 3. Selected Michigan    4.   Ã‚  Reduction Of Voting Age Qualification, 1995, United States Government Printing Office, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/html/amdt26.html 5. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate, [1] VD. Mahajan, origin of state, Political theory,(1988), 4th edition , S. Chand and Company. [2]   Radley Balko, Back to 18, A new chorus of critics says it's time to lower the drinking age, April 12, 2007 ; http://www.reason.com/news/show/119618.html; [3] Selected Michigan Marriage Laws, 2008 Washtenaw County, MI ;http://ewashtenaw.org/government/clerk_register/cr_clklawsm.html [4]  Ã‚   Reduction Of Voting Age Qualification, 1995, United States Government Printing Office, ;http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/html/amdt26.html; [5] The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate, ;http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jordanlt/alctwo.html;

How does Gaiman create a frightening atmosphere in the novel? Essay

Gaiman creates a frightening atmosphere in the novel by using different techniques. In chapter one Coraline’s new home is described in a horror way and is introduced in this quotation: â€Å"It was a very old house†¦Ã¢â‚¬  using the phrase â€Å"old house† often refers to horror films because the adjective â€Å"old† describes the house to have: ghost, cobwebs, peeled painting, sickly green weeds and to be neglected. Gaiman approaches the cat as strange and curious because it says: â€Å"†¦haughty black cat, which would sit on walls and tree stumps and watch her.† The cat is black which symbolises as a witch’s cat because it’s black, which makes the cat seem creepy. Also the cat is vain and proud because it says â€Å"haughty†. Describing the cat in this way makes you feel intimated. The quotation â€Å"who would sit on walls and tree stumps and watch her† feels like something is going to happen to her and the cat do esn’t want to miss any action because it says â€Å"†¦watch her.† Gaiman uses the technique personification in this quotation: â€Å"The cat shrugged†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to cause the scene to be creepy because cats don’t have shoulders and the cat is acting like a human, so this makes it: scary, strange and different. Also in chapter four he mentions Miss Spink and Miss Forcible being very horrifying in the quote â€Å"†¦thin, and pale, and quite pretty and had black-button eyes.† This quotation has a lot of adjectives including thin and pale which give a very ghostly image for them because pale is very white and so you look like a ghost and you have no soul. Gaiman has put Miss Spink and Miss Forcible with â€Å"black-button eyes† because it traps your eyes from showing any emotions and without that you do not have: a soul, character or personality. Gaiman then describes Coraline’s emotions in a different way that makes the atmosphere more frightening. The quotation says â€Å"She became certain that there was somethin g in the dark behind her: something very old and very slow. Her heart beat so hard and so loudly she was scared it would burst out of her chest.† Neil Gaiman is describing emotions without naming them: here, he shows us how scared Coraline is by describing the thumping of her heart because he writes â€Å"her heart beat so hard and so loudly† this means she was very terrified which then makes us feel that way. In chapter five Neil Gaiman describes the silence of Coraline’s flat which makes the reader feel very frightened. The quotation is â€Å"There was no other sound in the empty flat.† This quotation is frightening because it says there is â€Å"no other sound† and it is â€Å"empty†, which is the scariest thing because silence has an energy to it like no other source; therefore silence in a home can be quite disturbing and comfortable when alone. Gaiman then uses a technique, personification to make the scene: bizarre, abnormal and aberrant in the quotation â€Å"†¦the door was looking back at her.† This is a personification because doors can not look back! So this is strange and creepy and is used to emphasize unusual and vivid images or give inanimate objects feelings in order to show emotion. Gaiman uses another technique called alliteration to draw attention to the particular adjective and increase the itchiness it gives to you. The alliteration is in the quotation â€Å"A spider scuttled over the back of her hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When the adjective â€Å"scuttled† is used next to the noun â€Å"spider† it automatically gives you the quivers and shakes. Also in chapter 7 Gaiman uses old fashion English language to make the atmosphere seem like time has gone by so fast which make the ghost old. The quotation that the ghosts speak in old fashioned language is: â€Å"Art thou – art thou alive?† â€Å"Thou† is not used in today’s century which makes it an old fashioned word. Using this type of language makes the ghost old and that they have been trapped in the mirror by the mother whom they call â€Å"beldam† to describe her which means witch. A few sentences after that quotation he uses a technique called five senses; this is a techniques which describes something uses touch, smell, hearing, taste and sight. He uses one of senses called touch to give you a better image of the scene in the quotation: â€Å"She felt a cold hand touch her face†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gaiman uses the sense touch to describe her face.

Free Essays on Electro Convulsive Therapy

Electro-Convulsive Therapy ECT (Electro-convulsive Therapy) is a procedure in which a brief application of electricity is used to produce a generalized seizure. Once a commonly used - and controversial - treatment for a variety of mental problems, ECT still bears a stigma despite advances which have made it far safer and more effective. It is not known how or why ECT works or what the electrically stimulated seizure does to the brain. In the U.S. during the 1940's and 50's, the treatment was administered mostly to people with severe mental illnesses. During the last few decades, researchers have been attempting to identify the effectiveness of ECT, to learn how and why it works, to understand its risks and adverse side effects, and to determine the best treatment technique. Today, ECT is administered to an estimated 100,000 people a year, primarily in general hospital psychiatric units and in psychiatric hospitals. It is generally used in treating patients with severe depression who cannot wait for antidepressant medication to take effect. It is also used for acute mania, and certain schizophrenic syndromes. Used to treat depression Modern ECT is used primarily in the treatment of severe depression, and psychiatrists say it has proved the most effective treatment in many cases. It is also used in some cases of schizophrenia and mania. But mental health campaigners say that, although it may work in the short term, it is unclear what its long-term effects are. Many experts say it is often used against people's will and it wants to see a ban on this, but psychiatrists say that would mean about 20% of patients who now receive the treatment would not get it despite being most in need. They argue that some people are incapable of giving or denying consent. ECT treatment is generally administered in the morning, before breakfast and can be on an in-patient or out- patient basis. Prior to the actual treatment, the patient is given ... Free Essays on Electro Convulsive Therapy Free Essays on Electro Convulsive Therapy Electro-Convulsive Therapy ECT (Electro-convulsive Therapy) is a procedure in which a brief application of electricity is used to produce a generalized seizure. Once a commonly used - and controversial - treatment for a variety of mental problems, ECT still bears a stigma despite advances which have made it far safer and more effective. It is not known how or why ECT works or what the electrically stimulated seizure does to the brain. In the U.S. during the 1940's and 50's, the treatment was administered mostly to people with severe mental illnesses. During the last few decades, researchers have been attempting to identify the effectiveness of ECT, to learn how and why it works, to understand its risks and adverse side effects, and to determine the best treatment technique. Today, ECT is administered to an estimated 100,000 people a year, primarily in general hospital psychiatric units and in psychiatric hospitals. It is generally used in treating patients with severe depression who cannot wait for antidepressant medication to take effect. It is also used for acute mania, and certain schizophrenic syndromes. Used to treat depression Modern ECT is used primarily in the treatment of severe depression, and psychiatrists say it has proved the most effective treatment in many cases. It is also used in some cases of schizophrenia and mania. But mental health campaigners say that, although it may work in the short term, it is unclear what its long-term effects are. Many experts say it is often used against people's will and it wants to see a ban on this, but psychiatrists say that would mean about 20% of patients who now receive the treatment would not get it despite being most in need. They argue that some people are incapable of giving or denying consent. ECT treatment is generally administered in the morning, before breakfast and can be on an in-patient or out- patient basis. Prior to the actual treatment, the patient is given ...

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download You’re already tethered to your smartphone, why not start making the best of it? You might think you know everything there is to know about your phone, and possibly that it knows everything it needs to know about you, but there are still plenty of ways it can surprise you- and even help to make your work and play run that much more smoothly. Here are a few amazing apps you may have overlooked. Check out some of these hidden gems to unlock even more potential in your person-to-smartphone relationship.1. ClipsFree! Like the idea of Snapchat sometimes, but can’t commit? Apple’s Clips lets you shoot still and video shots with wacky filters. Add in Live Titles, which are subtitles you create simply by speaking, and you’re in business. It’s Snapchat for grown-ups and the terminally ironic.2. ProshotWant to improve your photography skills? No matter your skill level, this app can help you unlock advanced features in your device to help you take higher qual ity photos with better focus and light.3. GoodlookNever know what to wear? Keep up with the trends with daily looks and useful fashion and beauty tips. Figure out what to shop for and how to combine the clothing you already have to stay on trend.4. Remote MouseTurn your phone into a remote for your computer. Say your keyboard is low on battery, but you want to watch a movie or give a presentation? No problem!5. App DetoxWe all have that app- or those 10  apps- that eat up all of our time. Android users, you’re in luck. This app helps you distance yourself from your smart phone by blocking access to certain apps for a time period of your choosing. Very useful when you need to study or work and can’t be checking Twitter every five minutes.6. Moleskine TimepageLove having everything on your device, but miss the stylish days of your old Moleskine planner? Now you can have it all. A smart calendar/planner that is as stylish as it is functional and sexier than its counterp arts. Works with existing calendars like iCloud, Facebook, and Google.7. Just Press RecordNot impressed with Voice Memos anymore? Try this one-tap recording app that works across Apple products and even boasts built-in transcription for note taking- in multiple languages. You can even search your recordings for specific terms. You’re welcome.8. PatronusA personal security app named after a spell in Harry Potter? Yes please. With mobile 911 service (much more accurate than cell tower locations!) and location sharing, plus an â€Å"On My Way† feature that lets you share your location, destination, and progress with your contacts. It takes a village!9. SignalMove to fully encrypted communication in this scary world. WhatsApp is a bit behind the ball on this, so go straight to the source with Signal. It’s free all-in-one messaging with voice call functionality. You can even send media with the same protections. This one is very easy to use and is open source.10. Cla p! Phone FinderLose your phone a lot, only to find it by your toaster where you left it? This combines the find-your-phone technology with the old clap-on-clap-off satisfaction. Simply clap your hands to activate your phone to produce a customizable sound. Bonus? This app consumes very low amounts of battery power, so it won’t drain you while it runs.

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Criminal Justice - Essay Example 1) Thus, criminal facility as well as study on crime is important to bring reduction to the crime rate. The evolution of prison is not known yet but the word prison is a Latin word meaning â€Å"to seize†. Prisons of ancient times were different than that of today. Those prisons were for a short period of time and included harsh punishments. (Albanese & Dammer, 2010) Today, the concept of prison has changed to correctional facility. The main purpose of a correction facility is to bring a change in the personality of the prisoners. As once they complete their jail time period they must come out they should live as a civilized citizen not as a criminal. A modern correctional facility should fulfill this requirement. According to me the punishment period should be more of a realization period of one’s bad deeds. A prison should not be jail but an institution. Although there are serious offenders of crime, they should b kept in separate floors and must be treated physiologically as well to overcome their state of mind. The building of a facility must be vast and spacious. A rectangular building with concrete as building component of the facility, as it is durable and secure. For security reason the number of guards must me double than that of inmates, to help in emergency situations. It must have sports and recreational activities for the inm ates. One cell should accommodate two inmates. All inmates must be in black and white striped jumpsuits, wearing their identity cards all the time to ensure their identity. Along with all this a good administration is also necessary for a proper working of a correctional facility. Keeping in mind the rights and needs of inmates, strict policies and practices should be avoided to alleviate the conditions of a prison. Jones, M., & johnsons, P. (2011).  History of crime justice. (5th ed., p. 1). Elsevier. Retrieved from

Kants Deontological Ethics in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals Essay - 1

Kants Deontological Ethics in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals - Essay Example Kant’s Deontology posits that the best way to act morally to act from duty with the consideration of the highest good, that is, acting through the moral determination of the will. Kant’s acting through the moral determination of will meant that the motivation of one’s action must pursue the good without a condition which is intrinsically good by itself (Kant 30). He formulated his deontological ethics in a categorical imperative of doing good for the sake of good regardless of its consequence (Kant’s Ethics). The three propositions of moral determination of the will are as follows; a. Universal Law formulation - "Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law (Kant 30) ". This means that if one is to act good, that will should not be subjected to any condition or any physical constraints. b. Humanity or End in Itself formulation - "Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your ow n person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end† (Kant 30). This meant the free will is a source of rational action. A logical free will should, therefore, be an end itself because an end is subjective that they needed to be pursued. Whereas, the rational action is objective and therefore must be categorically pursued. c. Kingdom of Ends formulation - is the integration of the first two laws that says "All maxims as proceeding from our own [hypothetical] making of law ought to harmonize with a possible kingdom of ends (Kant 30)". This meant an autonomous will is not subject to anything but it must bind itself to the first two laws to make it applicable to everybody that people by themselves are both a means and an end. Kant explained the etymology of the expression of his deontological ethics. According to Kant, imperatives imply what they meant which are command such as â€Å"wake up early†. Often they are hypothet ical imperative because they only serve a specific objective or purpose such as â€Å"wake up early so you will not be later for work†.

The Flow of Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Flow of Communication - Essay Example There are five types of messages that are most often communicated in the field of criminal justice. The list of five messages that are used include an email /memo, Letters, Reports; telephone Call, Personal Visit or email; long Memorandum reports with Visual Aids; Personal Visit or Telephone Call, Memorandum or Letter (McConnel 1993, pp. 44-45). The message type including email /memo, Letters, Reports depend on if the message requires a written record or not. The second factor is the requirement of an immediate feedback of the message, if so than the second category of telephone call; personal visit or an email is selected (Dean 1961, pp 12-16). The third important factor that is seen is the requirement of careful organization and supporting documentation, certification or credentials that may accompany the message; if so; long memorandum or reports with visual aids are generally selected. How urgent is the message is an important factor to be regarded when it comes to message types so considering the urgency, personal visit or telephone call; memorandum or a letter is taken into account (Arnold et al 1983, pp 34-35) The flow chart that has been given to us has to be taken into account if we are to discuss the ways in which the messages are communicated in many differ... This flow chart shows us the basic model of the communication of the messages (McConnell 1993, pp 12-13). When one has to communicate with the other person, a certain message has to be composed and sent to the other person. Thus the person composing the message and sending it is the "sender"; having an idea regarding the content of the message. The message is composed mentally therefore shaping up the idea, that idea has to be converted to a message of any form, whether it is the email or the report or a telephone call; keeping in mind all the factors that have been discussed above. The idea is converted into a message; thereby the message is encoded (King 1992, pp 23-25). The chosen channel of the message; as it depends upon the underlying factors; is sent to the receiver of the message. If it is the email, it will be sent through the available web services and so on. The receiver receives the message through the respective channel and the receiver decodes/opens the message. With the message there may be some additional feedback that awaits the receiver, so the sender may send the receiver some additional message that is received. The message that has been sent to the receiver might even require a reply of some sort; thereby the receiver may send a feedback to the sender (Adair 1997, pp 32-35). The whole communication cycle is a step-by-step formation of an organized channel of how the message is composed, thought over and sent to the receiver. In the beginning of it all, the message is just an idea. The idea is converted to an encoded message; decoded by the receiver. It all depends on the factors that underly the message that the channel of the massage is to be selected. The receiver always comes in

Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis

Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis 1. Executive Summary Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis an international fast foodchain restaurant founded byDave Thomason November 15, 1969, inColumbus, Ohio, and moved its headquarters toDublin, Ohioon January 29, 2006. Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. On April 24, 2008, the company announced a merger withTriarc, which is the parent company ofArbys. Following the merger, Triarc came to be known asWendys/Arbys Group. Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Arbys group of restaurants is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. This report will be focusing on Wendys Burgers of the Wendys/Arbys Group. The main aim of this report is to investigate and analyze the marketing activities of Wendys Burgers. What is the Wendys orientation? What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Wendys? What are the competitive advantages of Wendys? What is the impact of Wendys marketing mix? And its positive and negative effects on the market and competitors in similar segment. This report in its further course, will try to address the above questions and more. 2.INTRODUCTION Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a well known publicly traded company. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates, employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sales.While Wendys sets its standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over the hours of operations, interior dà ©cor/design, pricing, staff uniforms and their wages. Wendys ended the fiscal year 2007 with just under 6000 Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers restaurants in operation. Of these, 1,274 (21%) were company owned and operated by the company itself while the remaining 4,662 restaurants were franchised. In addition to Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Wendys has invested in the Cafe Express and Pasta Pomodoro restaurant chains, owning 70% and 29% of those chains, respectively. Until 2006 Wendys International, Inc. also owned the ‘Tim Hortons and ‘Baja Fresh franchises. The chain is known for itssquareground beef patties in itshamburgers and the Frosty, a form of soft serve ice cream mixed with frozen starches contracted from potato products. The idea for Wendys old fashioned hamburgers was actually inspired by Dave Thomass trips toKewpee Hamburgersin his home town ofKalamazoo, Michigan. The Kewpee sold square hamburgers and thick malt shakes, much like the well-known restaurant that Thomas eventually founded inColumbus, Ohio, in 1969. Thomas named the restaurant after his fourth childMelinda Lou Wendy Thomas. 3.WENDYS ORIENTATION Nature of demand Over the past century, market for fast food has increased drastically, time being one of the major constraints. A recession in the early 1980s, combined with high beef prices and Wendys explosive as well as threatening growth incited the burger wars†. Wendys moved into the number three spot behind McDonalds and Burger King, fueled by its introduction of a chainwide salad bar, chicken breast sandwiches, fish sandwiches, and baked potatoes. Extent of demand As of December 2006, Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants arefranchised and the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sales and earned total revenue of $2.5 billion (USD) in 2007. Orientation Wendys tries to sense the customers needs and demands. This proves that the company is purely marketing oriented. Wendys puts in much effort for orientation towards the marketplace and its market share. Companies have their respective beliefs concerning their marketing efforts which are usually varied from company to company. The challenging concepts beneath which companies perform their marketing activities are as follows: Wendys Production Concept Customers are attracted to those products which are readily available and cheaper in price. Organizations following this concept targets on accomplishing the large production competence, minimal costs and bulk distribution. Wendys Product Concept The way that Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers does business and markets its products to consumers is due to the change in our society to where the consumer wants the biggest, quickest, and best product that they can get for their money. Wendys introduced healthier options amid rising obesity levels and a general interest in healthier foods, some fast-food companies have been going in the opposite direction, introducing ever more calorific and fat-laden burgers in a bid to win customers. Wendys Selling Concept The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is the primitive and foremost selling concept of Wendys burgers. Wendys uses ‘fresh, never frozen beef/fresh ground beef in their hamburgers. Wendys has moved in line with the Quick Service Restaurant or QSR industry and has been working to offer healthy food choices. Wendys has added sandwiches and salads to its menu, and offers side dish substitutes for French fries like salads for health conscious customers. Wendys Marketing concept Marketing is the science of actualizing the buying potentials of a market for a specific product. It in turn reflects a selling concept because it centers on promoting a product rather than meeting a defined area of consumer needs. The marketing concept sidetracks the basic conflict between the buyer and the seller. Consumers want good quantity and quality products for less prices, where as producers wants to sell at high prices. The marketing concept does not provide a solution to the classic bargaining problem which is widely prevalent. Holistic Marketing Concept This involves development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and activities that recognizes organizations breadth and inter-dependencies. Precisely, this concept is an approach to marketing that tries to identify and resolve the opportunity and difficulties of marketing activities. There are 4 main elements in Holistic marketing namely (Kotler and Keller 2006: 16): * Integrated marketing involving communications, products services, channels. * Social responsibility marketing involving Ethics, Environment, Legal and Community. * Relationship marketing involving Customers, Channel and Partners. * Internal marketing involving Marketing department, senior management and other departments. Wendys strictly follows the above concepts as it includes most of the marketing activities. Wendys Business Strategies Wendys new strategy puts its food products on center stage and changes its media-buying habits to zero in more narrowly on different market segments. TV spots and print ads will focus on specific audiences instead of delivering the same message to all demographic groups, tailoring the messages to the required audiences, broadening its scope. In addition, the nearly 6,700-unit chain will advertise on the Internet to attract younger consumers and use a character named Smart Square to appeal to them in TV spots/advertisements. Globally, all the Wendys employees work together to achieve in Driving Growth, Funding Growth and become Best Place to Work. 4.S.W.O.T Analysis â€Å"SWOT analysis is a structured approach for evaluating the strategic position of a business by indentifying its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats† (Jobber 2007: 63). To get a clear idea of Wendys/Arbys groups outlook, it is useful to analyze the restaurants Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Additionally, a SWOT analysis summarizes the outcome of marketing audit of the company (Jobber 2007: 61). Positive factors Internal factors Negative or potential to be negative Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats External factors Strengths Positive, tangible and intangible attributes internal to an organization and within the organizations control forms the strengths of a company. * A strength in Wendys manufacturing is that their food is known for its freshness and quality. * This quality of food is said to be one of the main reasons why Wendys has outpaced the annual sales gain of McDonalds from 1998 to 2002 (â€Å"Industry Surveys,† 2003, p. 3). * The expert management system of Wendys burgers adds to its much strength in time managing and store managing skills. * The pleasant atmosphere of all the Wendys stores adds value to its strong customer oriented approach. * Hamburgers are made with fresh, never frozen beef which is a huge hit with the customers. * Being a Global brand, Wendys is capable of worldwide expansion with huge market left to be tapped and consumer base to capture. * Strong supply chain is one of the key strengths of Wendys burgers with the suppliers meeting the fast food chains constant demand for the in time supply of raw materials in turn meeting the customers requirements. * Another major strength of Wendys is its ‘mid night push plan, it is operating its stores after the mid night also, which attracts the teenage and young people a lot. * One of the major strength of the Wendys is its nutritional valued menu for the people who are maintaining a balanced diet. * Wendys is the first restaurant which is offering a special menu for children and even for the kids. Weaknesses Internal factors within an organizations control that detract from the organizations ability to attain the desired goal are the weaknesses of an organization. * A manufacturing weakness could be that it will be difficult for Wendys to make dramatic improvements in the area of store management in the future. * Breakfast menu Wendys experimented with serving breakfast for a short time, but the endeavor was unsuccessful due to several issues. * Constant management changes have lead to a reduction in customer as well as employee satisfaction hindering its growth and expansion. * The franchisee stores are given freedom to have their own store atmosphere and layout and also employee uniforms. * High dependence on a major country is the main weakness of the Wendys. Though it is globalized, it was operating mostly in USA and Canada. In the year 2007, more than 70% of its revenue is from the USA, this phenomenon leads to loss in profit rates in international market. * The Wendys spreading of its stores is relatively very less, when compared to its close rivals, McDonalds and Burger King. The McDonalds opening 200 stores per year, the Burger King is opening at a rate of 150 per year, but Wendys is opening only 50 stores per year, so the expansion of business is very less comparatively. Opportunities External attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exist and develop. Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting their competitive position. * Wendys international brand image gives it a scope for expansion into International markets. * Recession has little or no effect on the fast food industry which provides a great opportunity for growth and expansion. * Wendys was the first to introduce ‘fish sandwich making its mark and grabbing a huge market share. * Rising of restaurant business in USA is great opportunity for Wendys. According to the Forbs magazine survey, in the year 2007 more than 25% of USA government revenue from fast food sector. The reasons for increment in convenient food consumption is, increasing single parent families, dual working households, no time for active cooking at home, hike in living standards of people etc. Wendys can utilize this as a great opportunity to increase its business * Increasing population of teenagers and young people is a great opportunity for Wendys, as it was targeting them. According to the census in 2008, more than 40% of American people are teenagers, which was a great opportunity for Wendys. * Increasing opportunities in developing countries like China and India. In 2007 Wendys make one percent of its revenue from India and two percent from China, still to be increased. There is a great opportunity for Wendys to develop its business in developing countries as there is less operating cost when compared to the developed countries. Threats External factors beyond the organizations control which could place the organization mission or operation at risk. * Accusation Wendys was accused recently as a consumer found a human finger in one of its item (Chili). Such kind of accusations would surely affect the brand image and high chances of drop in the market share. Much time and money is consumed to regain the lost share of the fast food market. * Competitors Wendys faces stiff competition in the overall fast food industry, as McDonalds holds a dominating 18% share of the market with Wendys and Burger King holding shares of approximately 2% each. In recent years Wendys has been lagging behind McDonalds and Burger King in same store sales growth, an indicator of how established franchises are faring in the market. In addition to traditional hamburger-based fast food restaurants, Wendys must compete with chains such as Subway, Yum! Brands (YUM) and Jack In The Box (JBX). * Controversy Wendys found itself the focus of a boycott bygay rightsgroups when the company pulled advertising from the sitcomEllenin 1997, which it deemed controversial. * Illnesses caused by food are the major threat for any fast food company. Though more care was taken, there was chance of food borne illnesses like e coli, gastric trouble etc. This was a major threat for Wendys. * Food storage and transportation is also a major threat for Wendys. As it is more difficult to store raw materials as there are highly vulnerable to decomposition. * Targeting a particular section of people is a major threat for Wendys, as it is targeting the teenagers only. This leads to a loss in the satisfaction of people of other sections. * International Business expansion Limiting the business to the USA is the major threat to Wendys at international level. Limiting the business may leads to limiting the globalization and decreasing the brand name, profits and sales. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Make the most of these Watch competition closely Threats Restore strengths Strategic turn around required 4.1 .Conclusion Wendys/Arbys group has to maintain all their strengths and grab all the opportunities. On the other hand, Wendys/Arbys group should sooner overcome all its weaknesses and work harder in overcoming the threats. 5.Competitive Advantage â€Å"Competitive advantage is the achievement of superior performance through differentiation to provide superior customer value or by managing to achieve lowest delivered cost† (Jobber 2007: 27). Competitive Factors Factors like being the third largest chain restaurant, having a large market share in USA and its target consumers being teenagers who form a majority of consumer base are considered as the competitive factors by Wendys. Product Strength Ââ€" Lack of differentiation- Consumers have accessibility to similar menu that is used by other hamburger chains of the same segment. Hence fulfilling consumers needs. Ââ€" Unique patty shape- Wendys burgers have a unique square shaped patty instead of a regular round patty, which other hamburger chains use. Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction Ââ€" Convenience- The ease of accessibility of its stores by deploying them in prime locations adds to consumers convenience. Ââ€" Speed of service- Implementing drive through and home delivery system in all its stores to attain speedy customer service. Market Share Ââ€" Third largest company in QSR or Quick Service Restaurants Ââ€" Introduction of new products like fish sandwich, square shaped fresh ground beef patty, salads in its breakfast menu, etc have been introduced by Wendys. Ââ€" Fifth in terms of highest total revenue generated next to McDonalds Corporation, Doctors Associates, Yum! Brands and Jack in the Box. Customer Concentration Ââ€" Location variables Setting up Wendys restaurants where the potential consumer(working class, teenagers, etc) concentration is high. Ââ€" Strengthen penetration To attain a firm grip in the market where it is already existing. Cost Control Ââ€" Centralized distribution center Wendys has the strongest supply chain management system which is very efficient in saving unnecessary expenses thus reducing the number of distributing centers in turn cutting down on costs. Ââ€" Reduce labor costs Costs associated with labor is a major factor in the success of any business. Wendys labor costs include upper management, but the bulk of Wendys employees are the workers at individual restaurants. Wendys achieved to cut labor cost by downsizing the number of managers from 3.6 to 3.3 by June of 2007. Wendys expects that this will not only decrease labor costs but also enhance efficiency at individual restaurants as they have found that a high number of managers can result in division of responsibility and confusion. In 2007 Wendys total operating costs were approximately $2.29 billion while total revenue was about $2.45 billion, leaving a slim operating income of approximately $156 million. If Wendys labor cost reduction initiative can successfully decrease labor costs without negatively impacting revenues, Wendys could see a substantial increase margins and operating profits. http://cdn.wikinvest.com/i/px.gif Ââ€" Economies of scale- Economies of Scale is achieved by balancing the capital invested and reducing costs. Investments Ââ€" International fast food market is the best place to invest in as far as Wendys investment options are considered. Ââ€" Research on untapped foreign markets in order to gain knowledge for future investments. Forces that Affect Competition Ââ€" The Economy caused businesses everywhere to focus on low cost to the customer, this presents a problem when every firm lowers its prices. Ââ€" The end result is that the low price becomes the new standard so competition now lies in value. Ââ€" Wendys has taken this road before during the inflationary period of the 1970s, with the slogan â€Å"Quality is Our Recipe†. Ââ€" The Super Size Me Documentary also affected competition among the major fastfood chain restaurants. Ââ€" Caused a public backlash against fast-food restaurants. Ââ€" In response to the 2004 film, Wendys introduced the Chicken Temptation ® selections to their existing menu. Competing in the Industry Ââ€" Overall Wendys needs to stand by their strategy of creating a niche market by way of their side dish offerings. Ââ€" Expand competition base by being innovative and effective. 5.1.Conclusion The major competitive advantage of Wendys is ‘Healthy Fast Food. 6.Marketing Mix Analysis †¢ The tools available to a business to gain the reaction it is seeking from its target market in relation to its marketing objectives †¢ 7Ps Price, Product, Promotion, Place, People, Process, Physical Environment †¢ Traditional 4Ps extended to encompass growth of service industry Marketing strategy is generally obtained by the 3 key elements namely the target markets, competitors targets and the competitive advantage (Anderson 2008). Once the marketing strategy is finalized, the company starts looking into the facts of the marketing mix. â€Å"Marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). Marketing mix is essential for the company to develop the demand for its products. This can be collectively done by the four vital categories which are well-known as 4-Ps of marketing mix. The 4-Ps are namely Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 83). Product Customer solution â€Å"Product is a good or service offered or performed by an organization or individual, which is capable of satisfying customer needs† (Jobber 2007: 28). Brand name and Quality The brand image is obtained by utilizing the fundamentals of marketing mix (Jobber 2007: 332). Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Wendys Restaurant Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the franchisor of the Arbys and Wendys restaurant systems and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WEN. A change in the companys ownership set the course for menu expansion and a strengthened brand. On September 29, 2008, Triarc Companies Inc. merged with Wendys International, Inc. to form Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the third largest quick-service restaurant company in the United States. Wendys restructured its cleanliness standards, menu and other operational details to ensure that stores met the goals and standards of the parent company so that its franchises were competitive in the market. Wendys mission is to deliver superior quality products and services for their customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships. Their vision is to be the quality leader in everything they do. Wendys has a strategic vision focused on these core values: Quality: Freshly-made products and superior service are their passion; consistent excellence in customer service is their goal. All actions are guided by absolute honesty, fairness and respect for every individual. People (consumers) are the key to success; they value all members of the diverse family for their individual contributions and their team achievements. Satisfying internal and external customers needs is the focus of everything they do. Continuous improvement is how they think and innovative change provides competitive opportunities. Features and Variety The Wendys menu features a variety of products that are stated below which are unique from its competitors. * Signature roast beef, including Roast burger. * Market Fresh deli sandwiches. * Market Fresh salads. * Toasted subs. * Jamocha and specialty shakes. * Curly Fries and Side kickers. * Wendys featuresFrench friesas a primary side item, but also offers a number of options for side items/dips, includingsalads(side and Caesar side),chili,yogurtwithgranola,mandarin oranges, andbaked potatoes. In several markets, the customer may request any of these side items to be substituted for fries in its value meals. * In June 2006, Wendys removed their classic Biggie and also the Great Biggie sizes in favor of a more traditional sizing system like; Small, Medium, and Large. * Frostydessert It is asoft serve ice creamdessert sold in chocolate or vanilla flavours. Also sold as a floatand a mix-in dessert called the Twisted Frosty. * In Japan, Wendys offers ared bean pasteand cheese sandwich called as an An Burger * Big Classic- It is a sandwich that directly competes with the Burger Kings Whopper. * Mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato,pickle, ketchup and onion served on aKaiser-style roll. A second version with bacon is available, called the Big Bacon Classic. * Baconator- with mayonnaise, 6 strips of bacon, two 1/4 pound (113.4 gram) patties, ketchup and two pieces of American cheese. * In Dec 2006, Wendys phased out and stopped offering their fried Home style chicken strips in most of its U.S.locations. There is now a chicken club combo in the place of the strips, which features a Home style chicken patty, Spicy chicken patty or a Grilled Chicken patty with Swiss cheese and also bacon. The Home style chicken strips are still available in parts of Canada. * In the Philippines they serve fried chicken, which forms staple at most fast food restaurants in that country. Price Customer cost â€Å"Price is the amount of money customers must pay to obtain(buy) the product.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 83). The price of any product partially highlights its quality. Pricing Strategy The Pricing strategy primarily consists of * Getting to know the market. * Elasticity. * Keeping in pace with the competitors. * Because Price and Convenience are near universal throughout firms in the industry, Wendys must focus on becoming the â€Å"highly favored† fast-food choice. Doing so will give customers more inclination to visit store locations. Place Convenience â€Å"Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The vital role of marketing is the process of how the product is being sent from seller to buyer. The means by which the products and services reach the consumer from the producer and where they can be accessed by the consumer. The more places to buy the product and the easier it is made to buy it, the better for the business (and the consumer). Availability Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employ more than 46,000 people in its global operations. While Wendys sets standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over hours of operations, interior decor, pricing and staff uniforms and wages. Wendys operates in 19 countries around the world while its headquarters is based in Dublin, Ohio. It operated in more countries, but closed down in some of them due to certain circumstances. Inventory Wendys never uses frozen beef, its always fresh. Promotion Communication â€Å"Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). Different ways of promoting the product are Advertising Advertising is a major phase of overall product or service development and management. Advertising is specifically part of the outbound marketing activities, or activities geared to communicate to the market, e.g., advertising, promotions, public relations, etc. Wendys recently began a cross-promotion withNintendo. When you buy specific Wendys items you receive a code on that can be entered on the web siteFrostyFloat.comand be entered to win aWii. Wendys marketing arm engages inproduct placementin films (such asThe Day After Tomorrow,Mr. Deeds,Garfield: The Movie, andClick) and television and is sometimes seen on ABCs hitreality showExtreme Makeover: Home Editionserving food to the more than 100 construction workers. A recent Wendys commercial features the tune from theViolent Femmessong Blister in the Sun.ScrubsstarZach Braffcan currently be heard invoiceoverin Wendys newest commercials. With the launch of the new ad campaign, Wendys has also unveiled a new slogan, Thats right. Few of the advertising slogans of Wendys are given below US Canada * 1970 Present:Quality Is Our Recipe * 1978:Juicy hamburgers and lots of napkins * 1979: Hot-N-Juicy * 1980:Wendys Has the Taste * 1981:Aint No Reason to Go Anyplace Else * 1982:Youre Wendys Kind of People * 1983:Parts is parts * 1984:Wheres the beef? * 1986:Choose Fresh, choose Wendys * 1987:Give a little nibble * Circa 1990:The best burgers and a whole lot more(also was printed inside the hamburger wrappers during the 1990s) * 1997 Present:Eat great, even late * 2002:Its hamburger bliss. * 2004:Its better here * 2004:Always Great, Even Late. * 2005 2007:Do what tastes right.(primary slogan) * 2005 Present:It takes flair to be square. * 2007:Thats right. * 2007:Uh Huh. * 2007:Hot Juicy Burgers International * 1983:Its the best time forWendys(Philippines) * 2000 (approx) Present:We dont cut corners(New Zealand) * 2000 (approx) Present:Wendys cuadra contigo(Wendys fits with you). The wordcuadra(fit) is a reference to the wordcuadrothat meanssquare(Venezuela) * 2001 (approx) Present:El Sabor de lo Recien Hecho(The Flavor of the Brand New Made) (Honduras) * 2007 (approx) Present:Wendys es Sensacional(Wendys is Sensational) (El Salvador) Personal selling Personal selling involves incentive programs, sales presentations and trade shows (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 383). Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to close the sale Personal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of asales forceto support apush strategy(encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or apull strategy(where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service). Sales Promotion Sales promotion is any initiative undertaken by an organization to promote an increase in sales, usage or trial of a product or service. Sales promotions can be directed at either thecustomer, sales staff, ordistributionchannel members (such asretailers). Public Relations Public relations can be used to build rapport withemployees,customers,investors,voters, or the general public. There are various kinds of public relations, but the most important are financial relations with public, product relations with public,and crisis public relations.  § Financial public relations providing information mainly to business reporters.  § Product public relations gaining publicity for a particular product or service (rather than using advertising).  § Crisis public relations responding to negative accusations or information.  § Wendys has their official worldwide websites where the it regularly updates information such as yearly annual report, products, interviews with management faculties etc. 6.1.Ad